The primary objective of endodontic therapy is to create a biologically acceptable\nenvironment within the root canal system that allows for the healing and maintenance of the\nhealth of the peri-radicular tissue. Bacteria are one of the main causes of pulp problems, and they have\ndifferent methods of penetrating and invading the endodontic space such as through carious lesions,\ntraumatic pulp exposures, and fractures. The types of bacteria found range from facultative anaerobes\nto aerobes, up to the most resistant species able to survive in nutrient-free environments; the bacterial\nspecies Enterococcus faecalis belongs to this last group. Enterococcus faecalis is considered one of the\nmain causes of recurring apical periodontal lesions following endodontic treatment, with persistent\nlesions occurring even after re-treatment. The review presented in this paper was performed in\naccordance with the PRISMA protocol and covers articles from the related scientific literature that\nwere sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the following terms as keywords:\nâ??endodontic treatmentâ?, â??endodontic bacteriaâ?, â??microbial endodonticâ?, and â??endodontic failureâ?.\nOnly the articles considered most relevant for the purposes of this paper were read in full and taken\ninto consideration for the following review. The results show that Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomycetes,\nand Propionibacterium propionicum are the species most frequently involved in persistent radicular and\nextra-radicular infections.
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